Novel, Successful Coating for Ln doped UCNPs in Biomedical Applications and Experimental Verification of Field Enhancement based on Surface Texturing

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 The American University in Cairo, Egypt.

2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.

3 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 7 Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt.

10.21608/iugrc.2021.245592

Abstract

Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been of crucial significance in multiple applications involving photochemical, biomedical and optical ones. For the biomedical applications, one main problem that always stands as a challenge, hindering the upconversion scheme from being deployed inside human cells, is the challenging trade-offs among biomedical and field enhancement requirements imposed by the biomedical design constraints that deprive the UCNPs from field enhancement. Another challenge is imposed due to the constraint on the material choice that should achieve the required targeting, treatment/imaging, and electromagnetic design objective without any harm threatening the human body, which involves the dose limited by biodegradability and biocompatibility of the material. Although multiple field enhancement and manipulation techniques have been applied to UCNPs, there has never been a generic, material independent field enhancement method that could be invoked in biomedical applications without harming the human body despite achieving the required dose. This is a global transformation in the field of photoluminescence (PL) enhancement where there are constraints in the material, especially in biomedical applications, which has been the focus of this work. A novel, broadband, material-independent field enhancement mechanism is verified in lanthanide doped UCNPs through a novel, successful coating method that overcomes another worldwide challenge of surface texturing without lithography.

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